Oreo Multiple National Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oreo Multiple National Corporation - Essay ExampleOreo Multiple National Corporation Recently, the droll has happened whereby human emotions have been used and exploited. An example of this is the emergence of sick animals on television in order to stir up emotions and winning hearts for pecuniary support that can treat these poor animals. Children have also been used in the commercials in order to attract attention to some of the products that are world advertize. This is evidenced by the Oreo Company which uses advertising to market their product which is the cookie.Oreo Multiple National Corporation used their staff all everywhere the world to deploy multiple television commercials, in order to capture the different cultures and languages all over the world. The objective of this act is to ensure that the same technique is not used again or repeated in some of the regions in the world. In other words it has deployed a range of Video in different languages to countries that d o not speak the original languages used in advertising the cookie, and thus ensure that human nature is not exploited and the commonwealth are impacted with the necessary knowledge. This method of marketing the cookie is effective especially when the peers vision how the kids enjoy the taste of Oreo. The ways in which the product is advertised pushes the children to buy the product or even makes them persuade their parents to purchase the cookie for them instead of having any other type of biscuit.

Strategic Management of Chevron Corporation Case Study

Strategic Management of Chevron Corporation - Case Study ExampleThe company has established an extensive complaisant network. It takes badly its role across the globe. It has a strong network of retail gas stations which consist of Chevron, Texaco and Caltex. Its operations range from producing oil to manufacturing petrochemical. In countries where Chevron does business, it is a strong supporter of programs that support the community. It works with local and national governments and other organizations to provide basic human needs, education and career training, support for local businesses. It has a university partnership program which works with colleges and universities around the world to provide scholarships and grants to outstanding students. Chevron is helping most countries diversify their economies by investing in either aspects of the energy industry. It aids countries gain self reliance as it enables them produce commodities that they would otherwise import. It works cl osely with leaders in its operational countries to select social infrastructure projects for funding such as schools, hospitals and electric projects. The company works to add value to businesses and communities around the globe. It supplies the countries with professional and versatile task forces through bed cover knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship. Competitor depth psychology Chevron Company mainly faces competition from industries dealing with petroleum refining, manufacturing of chemicals, alternative power generation, gas stations and electrical utilities. Its main competitors are ExxonMobil, Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhillips, BP p.I.c. and Anadarko Petroleum Corporation. It has used strategic planning and corporate management to establish itself on top of the energy industry. Its E-business applications fork out greatly added to its measure of success. In the modern globalized world, the success of companies will be measured by how well they have leveraged E-business a pplications to beat competition (Thierauf & Hoctor, 2003). Supplier analysis Chevron has developed some of the world

Career fair assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Career fair - Assignment ExampleIt has also been known as Applebees Services, Inc. and it functions as the largest casual-dining restaurant chain in the world.Products As Applebees functions in the restaurant industry, its theme mainly spots on a type of casual dining of food with conventional American culinary art comprising of salads, sea food such as shrimps, chicken, pasta and its signature dish, riblets. All Applebees restaurants contain a bar division which serve alcoholic drinks hardly this addition pertains to places only where it is permissible by law.According to the official website of Applebees, currently there are more than 1,990 Applebees restaurants functioning under the system in around 49 states, 15 international countries and one U. S. territory. Moreover, there are approximately 28,000 employees working under the system of Applebees (Applebees 2012).Every attach to faces controversies in its going concern, so has Applebees. Some instances include it under a forc ed arbitration issue when it violated the Arbitration Fairness Act in 2009 and it banned its employees to sue the order under any circumstances. This was reported by The Huffington Post on February 11, 2009. Another issue pertains to side-work payment of compensation by the company under which it was sued and this continues since 2006 regarding hourly payment of wages to servers to work for non-serviced labor.The website as a source of information for its users comprising of prospective employees and other general users is quite appropriate nevertheless it has to be enhanced for friendly user viewing. There should be a translation factor installed on the website of the company for non-English user and the absence of a priggish mission statement and a vision should be taken care of as this is quite of a basic information conveyance to users.Old navy blue is an

Recommendation from IT department to CEO about SARS Virus-2013 Essay

Recommendation from IT department to CEO about SARS Virus-2013 - Essay Exampleymptoms Provided that SARS outbreak is confirmed, it is possible, regardless of whether a case is identified or not for the IT department to research from various medical databases the symptoms of SARS virus. This approach would keep in line the company can conduct a diagnosis process to attach the health stakeholders from the infected and to contain farther spreading of the virus (Berkman, 2007).b. Research on virus management Since the virus is reported to have been detected, the IT department is answerable for researching virus management strategies to aid in the containment of the virus from spreading to healthy individuals (Berkman, 2007).c. Quarantine procedures and specifications The IT department can play the role of researching and developing models of quarantine units within the organization to aid in isolating infected cases from uninfected ones. In addition, this process would ensure that no infected cases leave the premises without professional examination (Berkman, 2007).d. Developmental analysis for virus scan The IT department in collaboration with medical professionals can research, design, and develop a program for scanning stakeholders of the virus to ensure new cases are not introduced into the premises and current sufferers do not elude quarantine (Berkman, 2007).Berkman, BE. (2007). Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic indisposition Strategies for Disease Containment. Accessed online on February 17, 2015 from

Contemporary management issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Contemporary management issues - Essay ExampleThe project would be conducted through a reexamine of secondary sources on a wide range of topics that relate to the Greek financial crisis. To this end, various authoritative sources would be examined to provide important information active the topic under review. The Greek Financial Crisis Video images of demonstrations and other harsh economic conditions in Greece are not uncommon in the media. Greece has been at the headway of a major financial situation that can be attributed to their inability to meet the requirements of the European yoke (Sladek, 2010). Many debates and arguments overhear ensued about the appropriateness of the province continuously remaining as a member of the European join (Sladek, 2010). However, the rules of the European Union requires that the country discharges its obligations to the European Union and works to meet both the requirements of the Common Market. On the other hand, many Greek citizens are very unhappy about the changes and adjustments that are required. The root of the Greek financial crises can be traced to the fact that the country has maintained a government that carries out uncontrolled spending which leads to high sovereign debts (Pasiouras, 2011). The European Union requires that member responsibilitys governments cut big bucks on subsidies and excessive spending amongst other things (Levy, 2012). However, Greece has a history that goes back to years of running a welfare-state modelled on the principles of Communism (Grawitzky, 2012). This is because from the period before Greece conjugated the European Union, the nation maintained a system whereby the public sector was the primary engine of the economy. The public sector was the largest controller of resources and the public sector in addition employed the vast majority of workers in the country (Grawitzky, 2012). Impact of EU-membership on Greece Greeces membership of the European Union came with several requirements and expectations from the article of membership (Pettifer, 2012). This is because the European Union is built on the elements of supply-side economics which requires the private sector to be the main and primary engine of growth of the economy (Pettifer, 2012). This is connected to the fact that the European Union was formed by nations that were on the Capitalist side of the Cold War. These nations believe in allowing people to work to earn their expectations in life, rather than get the state or government to control resources. The clash between the European Union and the Greek economy meant that there was an inevitable conflict which would require Greece to dismantle its public-sector orientated economy in favour of a more privatized system. The European Union seeks to create a Single Market that would promote property owning democracy crossways member states with the hope of promoting efficiency through the principles of Capitalism. Greece joined the Union in 1981 but it has been slow in dismantling its welfare-structured system in favour of a Capitalist model of governance where competition was encouraged (Sladek, 2010). In spite of these realities, Greece has been repeatedly ruled by parties that are Socialist in outlook (Sladek, 2010). These parties have continued to uphold the welfare-oriented practices of the government and reforms and conformity with EU principles have come rather slowly. Around the year 2005, pressure from the European Union increased and the problems in the Greek public sector was uncovered (Pasiouras, 2011). The country was not able to pay its sovereign debts and the International

Supply chain management Essay Example for Free

Supply chain management EssayIn this final paper for Managerial Finance I will attempt to show how the leave chain caudex management method can be affected depending on the situation of the retailer. Studying the go pop out method for problems in take stock, which would include both, excesses in inventory as well as shortages, and hoping to minimize loss. Use of SCM as a Method of Inventory examine I have decided to do the final for Managerial Finance on the using up of the SCM method as a form of inventory control, because I have worked in a business that has employ m any(prenominal) different forms of inventory control. As a manager it was one of my responsibilities to maintain inventory and succeed any losses as a loss prevention issue that must be discovered. The ordering responsibility for inventory was one of my most weighty duties as a manager. Supply Chain Management is a set of synchronized decision activities, utilized to effectively integrate suppliers, manu facturers, transporters, warehouses, retailers customers so that the right increase or service is distributed at the right quantities, to the proper locations at the appropriate time, in order to minimize system wide personifys while live up to customer service level requirements. (Misra, 2010)Finding different options for inventory choices as well as finding prices that reflects a profit for the company was primary reasons for me to seek the available possibilities in inventory. Deciding a price for acquiring inventory is an important aspect of making a determination in mathematical product for any company striving to make a profit. An important aspect of inventory is the amount of inventory that needs to be ordered, as over ordering or under ordering can be just as problematic for a company.A company that over orders does ot receive profit, because they have put out too much money without a return on that investment, will not make a profit. A popular product may convey ver y well for a company, but an overabundance of product means that the remaining product after gross sales may end up macrocosm a loss if sales do not again pick up. Under ordering can be just a big of a problem for a company because when customers start coming in for products that are not on the shelves it leads them to find alternate sources for their purchases. Under ordering can overly create problems when it comes time to do a certifyary order.The initial under ordering of product can lead even the most cautious of managers to second guess their ordering surgical process. The initial under order leads a manager to think that they need to order more of the product to compensate for future sales of the product. The main problem that comes from this common over reaction is that the company lost out on sales on the initial order so tested to compensate by ordering more of the product on their new order. There may have been an increased demand on the first twenty-four hours of s ales that may not (usually not) return when the manager orders more stock.The ability to make an initial determination as to the proper inventory can be a deciding factor on a profitable business and an unprofitable one. SCM or supply chain management is a process that refines the process in which managers make their decisions for the products and services that the company offers. SCM is a way for a company to find the products that they offer to their customers. The Supply Chain management (SCM) is defined by the Supply Chain Forum (SCF) as the integration of key business processes from end user through suppliers that provide goods, services and information that add cherish for customers. (Assey, 2012)Supply chain management takes the production of a manufacturer and presents it to a supplier the supplier then presents those products to the retailers which in turn provide those products to the customers. Choosing the supplier that gets the topper deal from the manufacturer is goin g to give the most profit for the retailer selling the product to their customers. The process of supply chain management can in reality merge retailers with supplier just as suppliers merge with the manufacturers.Some companies choose to use various different suppliers for their products while other companies choose to use a single supplier for their product. Personally I worked for a video game company called FuncoLand which was purchased by a company called Babbages, which merged with Electronics Boutique. After the merger the learn of the company was changed to GameStop which is now the largest video game retailer in the United States. The thing that makes this important to this paper is that when FuncoLand was purchased by Babbages the supply chain changed.The change in the supply chain meant that all orders must be relooked at to insure the same profit levels for products that GameStop enjoyed. The single supplier for GameStop was replaced by the numerous different suppliers of Babbages. either item of inventory needed to be checked to make sure they reflected a price that was going to produce profit for the merged FuncoLand and Babbages submits. Inventory charts were created and all(prenominal) retentiveness of both needed to inventory all items listed so that they could be compared with the new companies overall stock as well as profit ratios. at once the inventories of both companies were done there was a coordinating effort by upper management to determine prices of available product as well as the suppliers that were going to deal which each stores location. The numerous different suppliers made each location different in their ordering and inventory procedures. As could be judge this made it very difficult for these merged companies to be individually managed by the district and upper management. Each individual store was looked at by the store managers and was expected when issues arose to contact headquarters immediately.The buyout of thes e two merged companies by Electronic Boutique turned out to be a blessing in hide for all involved. Electronic Boutique used a single supplier had dealt with the same supplier for years and had already worked out their profit ratios (including the purchase cost of the two companies) and store management once again needed to inventory their entire product for the new owners. The name was changed to GameStop and all store locations now used the same supplier and the prices for each store location were set by upper management.Ordering was done automatically based on the initial stores inventory counts and the new POS systems. While I understand there is an alternate definition for POS in this instance it refers to point of sale. The point of sale system was construct using the stores inventory, and orders for products were made, when the sales reached a certain level. Once a product reached a certain level of sales and did not act up to sell the item was automatically removed from t he automatic reorder listing.The product would not be reordered into that store location unless it was a pecial order done by the stores management and usually had to be presented with a reason for the order to be made. In the four years that I worked for GameStop I only ever had to use this feature one time. A customer wanted Final Fantasy 7, new and unopened, and this was well over a year after the initial turn over of the game. The suppliers notified the upper management that they could do this, and I placed an order for the product as a full pre-sale, which means that the money was available to GameStop before the product was available to the customer.Being the only time this issue ever arose for me while working at GameStop it was an interesting learning experience about how a supply chain management process works. The descriptive model presented is useful in settings where organizational structure and the supply chain are needed to support sustainable products and processes a nd whose success is facilitated by establishing strategic partners, especially those that make possible economies of scale. Pullman Dillard, 2010)Since one of the primary reasons for using supply chain management is to reduce inventory and cost for a company, GameStop has achieved what neither FuncoLand nor Babbages were able to because their use of a single supplier made achieving profit that much more possible for the mangers making their store orders. Most of the decline is due to more efficient cash and inventory management. (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, Jordan, 2010) The main purpose of examining the supply chain management method is insuring that the retailer gets the best uses of their supplier(s).Minimizing shortages, while acquiring profits, in an attempt to optimize the proper supply for each location, is another purpose of using supply chain management. The strategy can be difficult to implement for those unaware of the procedures. I must admit that I did not realize the p urpose (or the concept) of supply chain management, at the time I worked for GameStop. Looking fend for at my time at GameStop has led me to a new appreciation for the business that was built off of the back of FuncoLand.

Therapeutic Cloning Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic clone EssayIntroduction Cloning is the practice of creating a genetically the same copy of an original creature. And although it seems standardised twentieth-century idea, copy is actually a part of natural processes, and had taken place many an early(a)(prenominal) decades in the lead though it was attainable. Since a variant of the re-create process plays such a large fibre in staunch therapies, its worth taking a look at how cloning processes work (Cohen, 2002). Most worldly concern attention has been focused on the argona called reproductive cloning reproducing an entire creature be it frog, sheep, dog, or human being. As the twenty-first century dilutes, it is farthermost more likely that what has been called sanative cloning cloning used to cure disease is going to have a more immediate impact on all our lives. Your chances of getting a cloned liver ar greater than your chances of seeing a cloned you (Avise, 2004).Therapeutic Cloning Relative t o genetic testing, therapeutic cloning is a technology very much in its infancy. Whereas we brook plausibly predict, that genetic testing methods and the scope of such tests will dramatically improve in the proximate future, a like projection in the case of therapeutic cloning is more of a stretch. This view nonwithstanding, analysis of current regulation of therapeutic cloning does have something to gain from postulating a future world in which therapeutic cloning is in clinical application (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). One likely application of therapeutic cloning is in the handling of leukemia, and more broadly in various types of wander and organ transplantation. Therapeutic cloning is important for four seasons. First, there is a shortage of tissue for transplantation. Second, there are problems with compatibility of transplanted tissue form another individual, requiring immunosuppressive therapy with serious side effects. Cloned tissue would be compatible without the infecti ous risks of xenotransplants. Third, the role of transplantation might be expanded to include common diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Fourth, cloning whitethorn prove to be a cost-efficient means of preventing disability and morbidity, and of promoting distributive justice (Shannon, 2005). In considering the honourable aspects of therapeutic cloning there are two separate issues should fertilized eggs arrestd during in vitro binding (IVF), which would otherwise be discarded, be available for research (with the consent of the couple who produced them) and, should we deliberately create embryos for use in research? It is difficult to argue against development embryos that would otherwise be discarded. The main ethical issue raised by both the production of ES cadres and therapeutic cloning, is that of destroying embryos for the purposed of research or tissue for transplantation.If the embryo is considered to have a moral status similar to, say, a claw, them embryo resea rch would normally be wrong. On this view, IVF and almost any termination of maternity would likewise be wrong. A less absolute position would be that what is wrong with destroying embryos is a need to respect human lifetime in general. plainly that wrong need to be balanced against the value of such research. Furthermore, for every live birth, up to five embryos will miscarry. In attempting to have a child by natural conception, we implicitly accept that this loss is a expense worth paying to produce a new life. If the loss of embryos is an acceptable price to pay to produce a new life, is it not also an acceptable price to pay to save an live life (Avise, 2004)?Tissue Therapy via Therapeutic Cloning More than 40 years elapsed since Joseph Murray and his colleagues at a Boston hospital successfully transplanted a kidney between identical twins. This landmark approach was later extended by the medical examination community to other organs (e.g., heart, liver, lung, and pancr eas) and to transplants involving more distant relatives and unrelated individuals.Transplants between unrelated individuals are especially challenging because, unless bettering actions are taken, the immune system of a transplant recipient sooner or later rejects the alien cells. To alleviate this problem, donor and recipient typically are matched as closely as possible for genes underlying immune responses, and immune-suppressive drugs also are administered. Such procedures are fairly common and have saved many lives. Nonetheless, modern transplantation surgery remains risky due to inherent immunological intolerances of patients to foreign tissue (Cohen, 2002). Thus, many research professionals are excited some therapeutic cloning, a new genetically modified (GM) approach that in theory should avoid the immunorejection problem. In this procedure, genes in cells to be transplanted originate from the patient, who therefore serves in effect as both donor and recipient. Because the donor and recipient tissues have identical genotypes, presumably the immune system would not recognize the implanted tissue alien. Another reason for enthusiasm about therapeutic cloning is that this research gives scientists welcome opportunities for basic research on human genetic disorders as they unfold during cell and tissue development (Bellomo, 2006). The notion of therapeutic cloning for tissue or organ reconstruction in humans traces to the development of nuclear-transfer cloning methods for sheep and other farm fleshlys. As applied to human cells, the procedure might work as follows A suitable cell is removed from a patient and its heart is inserted physically into an enucleated egg. The egg then begins to multiply in a test tube, and, from the developing mass, pluripotent cells (those that possess a capacity to differentiate into multiple tissue types) are induced to grow replacement cells needed by the patient.Nerve cells might be grown to treat Alzheimers disease or s pinal cord injuries, skin cells could be used to repair burn damage, retinal cells for macular degeneration, pancreatic cells for diabetes, hematopoietic cells for leukemia, neuroglia cells for multiple sclerosis, and so on. When returned to the patients body the cloned cells in such tissues or organs ideally would repair or replace the damaged body part, without evoking immunological rejections (Avise, 2004). Several technical challenges essential be thrash before this approach is medically viable. First, nuclear transfer (NT) techniques developed for farm animals will have to be improved and adapted to our species. Second, cells in the proliferating mass must be generated in such a way that they indeed are pluripotent at the outset. Third, the developmental potential of those flexible cells then must be channeled to produce the specialized kind of tissue that the patient requires. Fourth, methods must be devised to put those now-dedicated cells together properly to make therap eutically useful tissue or organ.This may take place naturally when the cells are placed in a patients body, or in some cases it may be fulfill initially in vitro. For example, replacement skin tissue for burn victims might be constructed by seeding the cloned cells onto sheets of a polymeric scaffolding substance. Finally, tissue therapy must be conducted such that the cloned cells do no harm when returned to the patient. It would be disastrous, for example, if even a few cells in the transplanted tissue began to divide in an unregulated, good dealcerous fashion (Shannon, 2005). Of course, ethical issues will have to be addressed as well. When the initial oocyte created by NT begins to divide into two cells, then four, then eight, and so on, when does the cloned mass become a new human being worthy of protection under the law? Opponents of therapeutic cloning often contend that an individual arises at the exact chip that the first appears, such that any sacrifice of an early cel l mass, even for medical purposes, is tantamount to slaughter.Proponents of therapeutic cloning view this notion as nonsense. How, they as, can a few amorphous cells be granted legal rights that take precedence over those of sentient human beings is desperate need of cell therapy? Remarkably, in US society, most of the debate over the possible legalization of therapeutic cloning hinges on this one emotion-laden philosophical issue (Bellomo, 2006). In such everyday discussions, a common error (or often, an intentional argumentative ploy) is to equate therapeutic cloning with reproductive cloning. Although the initial laboratory steps in the two procedures are identical both begin by inserting a cell nucleus into an unfertilized egg that is where the similarity ends. In reproductive cloning, the GM egg would be re-implanted in the womb and allowed to grow into a fetus and baby, the intent being to generate a fully functional and independent human being genetically identical to its predecessor. In therapeutic cloning, the early clump of pre-implantation cells that comes from the GM egg would be grown in vitro and used to produce replacement tissues for medical renewal (Avise, 2004).Elimination or Treating Heritable Diseases via Therapeutic Cloning Although therapeutic cloning does not reproduce an entire organism to develop in utero and live life outside the womb, one motivation for reproductive cloning might be therapeutic. Reproductive cloning could allow genetic engineering interventions to correct defective genes before they have a chance to exert detrimental effects. Correction at the earliest stage would also free germ or reproductive cells and thence succeeding generations from carrying the defective gene (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). Certain genetic disorders may enhance certain universal human vulnerabilities, such as those to infection, bleeding, and aging. Beyond increasing these, everyone has contagious vulnerability to some disease or diseases. We would all like to be free from the threat of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and Alzheimers disease. Therapeutic cloning might comfortably improve the treatment for these diseases since therapy for these is currently limited by the availability or immunocompatibility of tissue transplants (Avise, 2004). Among the genetic disorders, some are so highly heritable and horrific that we might wish to employ reproductive cloning to enable the use of genetic engineering to correct the defective gene. That would free the clone and all subsequent generations from their ravaging impact (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). However, reproductive cloning is an inefficient and error-probe process that results in the failure of most clones during development. For a donor nucleus to support development it must properly activate genes important for early embryonic development, it must properly activate genes important for early embryonic development and suppress differentiation-associated genes that were transcribed in the original donor cell. Inadequate reprogramming of the donor nucleus is thought to be the principal reason for the developmental loss of most clones. In contrast, reprogramming errors do not appear to interfere with therapeutic cloning, because the process appears to select for functional cells (Shannon, 2005).Ethics of Therapeutic Cloning Can therapeutic cloning be ethically permissible? Debates about the theory of proportionality, the slippery slope and the principle of subsidiarity here center again in a little dissimilar way (Savulescu Hendrick, 2003). It is obscure whether the principle of proportionality offers a believable a priori opposition against therapeutic cloning. If it is well thought-out suitable to make embryos for study aiming cryopreservation of oocytes in vitro maturation of oocytes and the like, then it is opposed to decline therapeutic cloning in advance as being disproportional (Avise, 2004). A consequentialist opposition, as a slippery-slope disagreement, is that therapeutic cloning will of necessity direct to reproductive cloning. This objection firstly presumes that reproductive cloning is necessarily and categorically wrong, a premise still debated. Clearly, it would be premature, if not criminally irresponsible, in view of the serious health risks for children conceived by cloning to start clinical trials on reproductive cloning right now. But what if, somewhere in the future, these risks could be controlled? Would cloning then still be entirely baseless even if it were safe then it is practical to exclude reproductive cloning, and not to forbid other, non-reproductive, relevancy of cloning (Bellomo, 2006). Are there suitable alternatives to therapeutic cloning? First, it is important to note that therapeutic cloning strictu sensu, starting with the first clinical trials, will not come up soon. Much basic research is needed, about the question whether it will be possible to control the differ entiation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells in vitro. This study can, and ought to, be made with additional IVF embryos. At the same time, research into potential embryo-saving alternatives for therapeutic cloning should be stimulated.For the relative ethical exam it is once more essential to evade the drawback of one-dimensionality. Amongst others, the following options are suggested in the literature a) the use of adult stem cells b) transferring a human somatic cell nucleus into an enucleated animal egg and c) the direct reprogramming of adult cells, i.e., to reprogram an adult cell to make it revert to it unspecialized state so that it can then be influenced to develop into a specific type of tissue (this involves the development of undifferentiated cells without the need to create an embryo) (Shannon, 2005).Summary and Conclusion Cloning can be shared out into therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning is the use of cloning technology to produce, for example, tissues for transplantation to people with disease. Reproductive cloning is cloning to produce a live offspring (Avise, 2004). The possibility of therapeutic cloning focuses on the concept of stem cells. Stem cells have the ability to develop into different mature cell types. totipotent stem cells are cells with the potential to form a complete animal if placed in a uterus. They are early embryos. Pluripotent stem cells are gullible stem cells with the potential to develop into any of the mature cell types in the adult (liver, lung, skin, blood etc.), but cannot by themselves form a complete animal if placed in a uterus.Human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines obtained from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst or pre-implantation embryo have lately been established. ES cells are pluripotent. Possible future clinical applications of human ES cell technology include hemopoietic repopulation (bone marrow transplant) treatment of diseases or spinal cord injury screening of drugs and as vectors for gene therapy (Cohen, 2002). We should distinguish reproductive cloning with a therapeutic intent from therapeutic cloning to produce stem cells. Most of us are familiar with the nightmare scenario of reproductively cloning a someone in order to use him as bullheadedness for spare parts. Parents who conceive children in the hope that the new child would be a good match immunologically to donate an organ needed by an existing child contribute to this image. With a child cloned from the original, there would be no doubt that the needed organ would perfectly match the recipient immunologically. Creating a person to be a source of spare parts is not what therapeutic cloning is about (Bellomo, 2006). Therapeutic cloning provides hope for cures or better medical treatment for people with many diseases. These include many of the genetic disorders for which reproductive cloning with a therapeutic intent might be entertained, but they also include diseases that are not necessari ly genetic. A therapeutic cloning, cells are extracted from an embryo to clone specific bodily tissues for medical use, particularly transplantation. Type I or juvenile diabetes is one example of a disease that might be cured by therapeutic cloning to produce stem cells. Without contradiction, we can condemn reproductive cloning and at the same time, if we choose, support research with embryonic stem cells (Cohen, 2002).ReferencesAvise, J. C. (2004). The Hope, Hype Reality of Genetic Engineering Remarkable Stories from Agriculture, Industry, medicinal drug and the Environment. New York Oxford University Press US.Bellomo, M. (2006). The Stem Cell Divide The Facts, the Fiction, and the Fear Driving the Greatest Scientific, Political, and Religious Debate of Our Time AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn.Cohen, D. (2002). Cloning. Brookfield, Connecticut Twenty-First hundred Books.Savulescu, J., Hendrick, J. (2003). Medical Ethics and Law The Core Curriculum. New York Elsevier Health Scienc es.Shannon, T. A. (2005). Genetics Science, Ethics, and Public Policy a Reader. New York Rowman Littlefield.